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Emerging membrane technology for sustainable water treatment


Emerging Membrane Technology for Sustainable Water Treatment provides the latest information on the impending crisis posed by water stress and poor sanitation, a timely issue that is one of the greatest human challenges of the 21st century. The book also discusses the use of membrane technology, a serious contender that can be used to confront the crisis on a global scale, along with its specific uses as a solution to this escalating problem.
Date Published:2016

Emerging Membrane Technology for Sustainable Water Treatment provides the latest information on the impending crisis posed by water stress and poor sanitation, a timely issue that is one of the greatest human challenges of the 21st century. The book also discusses the use of membrane technology, a serious contender that can be used to confront the crisis on a global scale, along with its specific uses as a solution to this escalating problem.

Date Published:2016

Petroleum refining design and applications handbook

Coker, A. Kayode,


Includes index. There is a renaissance that is occurring in chemical and process engineering, and it is crucial for today's scientists, engineers, technicians, and operators to stay current. With so many changes over the last few decades in equipment and processes, petroleum refining is almost a living document, constantly needing updating. With no new refineries being built, companies are spending their capital re-tooling and adding on to existing plants. Refineries are like small cities, today, as they grow bigger and bigger and more and more complex. A huge percentage of a refinery can be changed, literally, from year to year, to account for the type of crude being refined or to integrate new equipment or processes. This book is the most up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of the most significant and recent changes to petroleum refining, presenting the state-of-the-art to the engineer, scientist, or student. Useful as a textbook, this is also an excellent, handy go-to reference for the veteran engineer, a volume no chemical or process engineering library should be without. Written by one of the world's foremost authorities, this book sets the standard for the industry and is an integral part of the petroleum refining renaissance. It is truly a must-have for any practicing engineer or student in this area.
Date Published:2018

Includes index. There is a renaissance that is occurring in chemical and process engineering, and it is crucial for today's scientists, engineers, technicians, and operators to stay current. With so many changes over the last few decades in equipment and processes, petroleum refining is almost a living document, constantly needing updating. With no new refineries being built, companies are spending their capital re-tooling and adding on to existing plants. Refineries are like small cities, today, as they grow bigger and bigger and more and more complex. A huge percentage of a refinery can be changed, literally, from year to year, to account for the type of crude being refined or to integrate new equipment or processes. This book is the most up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of the most significant and recent changes to petroleum refining, presenting the state-of-the-art to the engineer, scientist, or student. Useful as a textbook, this is also an excellent, handy go-to reference for the veteran engineer, a volume no chemical or process engineering library should be without. Written by one of the world's foremost authorities, this book sets the standard for the industry and is an integral part of the petroleum refining renaissance. It is truly a must-have for any practicing engineer or student in this area.

Date Published:2018

Gas allocation optimization methods in artificial gas lift

Khamehchi, Ehsan,


Preface; Contents; Abbreviations; 1 An Introduction to Gas Lift; Abstract; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Formulation of the Problem; References; 2 The Fitness Function of Gas Allocation Optimization; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Technical Factors; 2.2.1 Nodal Analysis; 2.2.2 Analytical Models; 2.2.3 Proxy Models; 2.3 Economic Factors; 2.4 Integrated Model; References; 3 Constraint Optimization; Abstract; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 No Limitation; 3.3 Maximum Amount of Available Lift Gas; 3.4 Injection and Production Limitations; 3.5 Stability; 3.6 Controlling the System; 3.6.1 Smart Methods; References. 4 Optimization AlgorithmsAbstract; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Numerical Algorithms; 4.2.1 Equal Slope Optimization; 4.2.2 Gradient Optimization; 4.2.3 Newton Method; 4.3 Heuristic Algorithms; References This Brief offers a comprehensive study covering the different aspects of gas allocation optimization in petroleum engineering. It contains different methods of defining the fitness function, dealing with constraints and selecting the optimizer; in each chapter a detailed literature review is included which covers older and important studies as well as recent publications. This book will be of use for production engineers and students interested in gas lift optimization.
Date Published:2017

Preface; Contents; Abbreviations; 1 An Introduction to Gas Lift; Abstract; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Formulation of the Problem; References; 2 The Fitness Function of Gas Allocation Optimization; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Technical Factors; 2.2.1 Nodal Analysis; 2.2.2 Analytical Models; 2.2.3 Proxy Models; 2.3 Economic Factors; 2.4 Integrated Model; References; 3 Constraint Optimization; Abstract; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 No Limitation; 3.3 Maximum Amount of Available Lift Gas; 3.4 Injection and Production Limitations; 3.5 Stability; 3.6 Controlling the System; 3.6.1 Smart Methods; References. 4 Optimization AlgorithmsAbstract; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Numerical Algorithms; 4.2.1 Equal Slope Optimization; 4.2.2 Gradient Optimization; 4.2.3 Newton Method; 4.3 Heuristic Algorithms; References This Brief offers a comprehensive study covering the different aspects of gas allocation optimization in petroleum engineering. It contains different methods of defining the fitness function, dealing with constraints and selecting the optimizer; in each chapter a detailed literature review is included which covers older and important studies as well as recent publications. This book will be of use for production engineers and students interested in gas lift optimization.

Date Published:2017

Advancements of grey systems theory in economics and social sciences

Delcea, Camelia,


State of the art in Grey Systems Research in Economics and Social Sciences -- Grey Relational Analysis in Companies Diagnosis -- Grey Models for Decision-Making Problem -- Risk Assessment using Grey Systems Theory -- Suppliers Selection and Optimal Resources Allocation using Grey-based Models -- Combined Grey-based Methods in Logistics -- Behavioral Assessment using Grey and Hybrid Approaches -- Grey Social Media Analysis and Grey Natural Language Processing -- Grey Clustering in Economic Analysis -- Hybrid-Intelligent Methods in Economics and Social Sciences. This book focuses on the main advancements made in the economics and social sciences field through the use of grey systems theory. As a result, it addresses both the state of the art and the applications of grey systems theory in economics and social sciences. The book is structured in eight main chapters, covering the following topics: the state of the art in the grey systems theory research in economics and social sciences, which includes a bibliometric analysis, a selection of the most well-cited papers in the field, and a selection of applications in which the grey systems theory is used in the areas of suppliers selection, risk assessment, public opinion assessment, linear programming, complex projects management, social media analysis, and natural language processing Each chapter gives an overview of a particular economic or social sciences topic, providing an explanation on the main terms and methods used for solving the problem, including the notations, terminology, and the needed steps to solve it. A practical application is presented in most of the chapters, while in the others, a series of case studies are presented from the literature and discussed in depth in terms of methods used and advantages brought by each of these methods. The last chapter discusses the hybridization cases in which the grey systems theory has been or can be successfully used along with other artificial intelligence methods and techniques for a more advanced analysis in the economics and social sciences field. The reasoning and the explanations used in the book are easy to understand for the interested persons who are not familiar to the field and want to learn more related on how the grey systems theory can be applied to economics and social sciences. As for the experts in this field, this book can be a good referral point for developing new areas of research by combining the advantages of the grey systems theory with other theories within the field.
Date Published:2023

State of the art in Grey Systems Research in Economics and Social Sciences -- Grey Relational Analysis in Companies Diagnosis -- Grey Models for Decision-Making Problem -- Risk Assessment using Grey Systems Theory -- Suppliers Selection and Optimal Resources Allocation using Grey-based Models -- Combined Grey-based Methods in Logistics -- Behavioral Assessment using Grey and Hybrid Approaches -- Grey Social Media Analysis and Grey Natural Language Processing -- Grey Clustering in Economic Analysis -- Hybrid-Intelligent Methods in Economics and Social Sciences. This book focuses on the main advancements made in the economics and social sciences field through the use of grey systems theory. As a result, it addresses both the state of the art and the applications of grey systems theory in economics and social sciences. The book is structured in eight main chapters, covering the following topics: the state of the art in the grey systems theory research in economics and social sciences, which includes a bibliometric analysis, a selection of the most well-cited papers in the field, and a selection of applications in which the grey systems theory is used in the areas of suppliers selection, risk assessment, public opinion assessment, linear programming, complex projects management, social media analysis, and natural language processing Each chapter gives an overview of a particular economic or social sciences topic, providing an explanation on the main terms and methods used for solving the problem, including the notations, terminology, and the needed steps to solve it. A practical application is presented in most of the chapters, while in the others, a series of case studies are presented from the literature and discussed in depth in terms of methods used and advantages brought by each of these methods. The last chapter discusses the hybridization cases in which the grey systems theory has been or can be successfully used along with other artificial intelligence methods and techniques for a more advanced analysis in the economics and social sciences field. The reasoning and the explanations used in the book are easy to understand for the interested persons who are not familiar to the field and want to learn more related on how the grey systems theory can be applied to economics and social sciences. As for the experts in this field, this book can be a good referral point for developing new areas of research by combining the advantages of the grey systems theory with other theories within the field.

Date Published:2023

Low carbon materials and technologies for a sustainable and resilient infrastructure : select proceedings of CBKR 2023 /

CBKR (Conference), (2023 :,


An Analysis on the Material Composition in Chettinad Lime Plasters -- Appraisal of Mechanical Properties of Flyash Based Geopolymer Mortar Augmented with Ggbs and Graphene Oxide -- Study of Ambient Cured Fly Ash-Ggbs-metakaolin Based Geopolymers Mortar -- Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Flyash & GGBS Based Alkali Activated Concrete -- Evaluation of Acid Resistance of Sustainable Binders Using Acid Consumption -- Co2 Curing for Enhanced Early Age Strength in Saw Dust Biochar Augmented Cement Mortars -- Thermodynamic Modelling of Cementitious Paste Containing Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Rice Husk Ash -- Effect of Rha on High Strength Geopolymer Mortar -- Performance as the Criteria for the Durability in Concrete Mix Proportioning -- Influence of Nanosilica and Microsilica on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Self Cured Fibre Blended Concrete -- Influence of Fly Ash on Mechanical Properties of Slag-based Alkali Activated Concrete with Low Naoh Concentrations -- Study on Influence of Extra Water and Cement in the Development of Self Compacting Geopolymer Concrete (SCGC) -- High-temperature Behaviour of Concrete - A Review -- Studies on Performance and Micro Structural Characteristics of Self -healing Concrete -- Development of Self Compacting Geo Polymer Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete Using Highly Potential Sustainable Materials. This book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Cement and Building Koncrete infrastructure for sustainability and Resilience (CBKR-2023). It discusses the latest technologies and innovative and non-conventional materials for sustainable built environment. The topics covered include alternate, sustainable, cost-effective, and smart materials and technologies. It also covers applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in construction, MCDM techniques, performance-based design, and 3D printing technologies. The book is useful for researchers and professionals in the area of civil engineering and materials science.
Date Published:2024

An Analysis on the Material Composition in Chettinad Lime Plasters -- Appraisal of Mechanical Properties of Flyash Based Geopolymer Mortar Augmented with Ggbs and Graphene Oxide -- Study of Ambient Cured Fly Ash-Ggbs-metakaolin Based Geopolymers Mortar -- Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Flyash & GGBS Based Alkali Activated Concrete -- Evaluation of Acid Resistance of Sustainable Binders Using Acid Consumption -- Co2 Curing for Enhanced Early Age Strength in Saw Dust Biochar Augmented Cement Mortars -- Thermodynamic Modelling of Cementitious Paste Containing Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Rice Husk Ash -- Effect of Rha on High Strength Geopolymer Mortar -- Performance as the Criteria for the Durability in Concrete Mix Proportioning -- Influence of Nanosilica and Microsilica on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Self Cured Fibre Blended Concrete -- Influence of Fly Ash on Mechanical Properties of Slag-based Alkali Activated Concrete with Low Naoh Concentrations -- Study on Influence of Extra Water and Cement in the Development of Self Compacting Geopolymer Concrete (SCGC) -- High-temperature Behaviour of Concrete - A Review -- Studies on Performance and Micro Structural Characteristics of Self -healing Concrete -- Development of Self Compacting Geo Polymer Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete Using Highly Potential Sustainable Materials. This book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Cement and Building Koncrete infrastructure for sustainability and Resilience (CBKR-2023). It discusses the latest technologies and innovative and non-conventional materials for sustainable built environment. The topics covered include alternate, sustainable, cost-effective, and smart materials and technologies. It also covers applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in construction, MCDM techniques, performance-based design, and 3D printing technologies. The book is useful for researchers and professionals in the area of civil engineering and materials science.

Date Published:2024

A question of rigs, of rules, or of rigging the rules : upstream profits and taxes in US Gulf offshore oil and gas /

Boue, Juan Carlos.



Date Published:2006

The economics of renewable energy in the Gulf


The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) has been at the epicenter of global energy markets because of its substantial endowment of hydrocarbons. Yet countries in the region have also stated their intent to be global leaders in renewable energy. This collection explores the drivers for the widespread adoption of renewable energy around the GCC, the need for renewable energy and the policy-economic factors that can create success. All six countries within the GCC have plans to include renewable energy power generation in their energy mix for various reasons including: a growing demand for electricity because of increasing populations, an increasing government fiscal deficit due to inefficient subsidies, the need to diversify the economy, and global pressure to meet climate change requirements. However, the decision of when and by how much to introduce renewable energy is fraught with complications. In this book, a stellar cast of regional policy and academic experts explore the reasons behind these renewable energy plans and the potential impediments to success, whether it be the declining cost of producing energy from hydrocarbons, an infrastructure which needs to be updated, social acceptance, lack of financing, and even harsh weather. Weighing up all these factors, the book considers the route forward for renewable energy in the Gulf region. The Economics of Renewable Energy in the Gulf offers an excellent examination of the adoption of renewable energy in the area. It will be of great interest to academic researchers and policy makers alike, particularly those working in the areas of energy economics, public policy and international relations.
Date Published:2019

The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) has been at the epicenter of global energy markets because of its substantial endowment of hydrocarbons. Yet countries in the region have also stated their intent to be global leaders in renewable energy. This collection explores the drivers for the widespread adoption of renewable energy around the GCC, the need for renewable energy and the policy-economic factors that can create success. All six countries within the GCC have plans to include renewable energy power generation in their energy mix for various reasons including: a growing demand for electricity because of increasing populations, an increasing government fiscal deficit due to inefficient subsidies, the need to diversify the economy, and global pressure to meet climate change requirements. However, the decision of when and by how much to introduce renewable energy is fraught with complications. In this book, a stellar cast of regional policy and academic experts explore the reasons behind these renewable energy plans and the potential impediments to success, whether it be the declining cost of producing energy from hydrocarbons, an infrastructure which needs to be updated, social acceptance, lack of financing, and even harsh weather. Weighing up all these factors, the book considers the route forward for renewable energy in the Gulf region. The Economics of Renewable Energy in the Gulf offers an excellent examination of the adoption of renewable energy in the area. It will be of great interest to academic researchers and policy makers alike, particularly those working in the areas of energy economics, public policy and international relations.

Date Published:2019

Management of electronic waste : resource recovery, technology and regulation /


Includes index. "This book strives to deliver a complete overview of all aspects related to the toxicity characterization of electronic wastes as well as other important topics including resource recovery, recycling strategies, biotechnological advancements, and current perspectives on waste generation and management. It aims to present hazards associated with the conventional recycling methods and highlights the environmentally compatible, economic approaches for resource recovery and eco-friendly conversion of electronic wastes. The book will spread awareness and knowledge towards ecofriendly and green recycling of electronic waste to prevent resource loss and mitigation of environmental pollution and serves as a guide for electronic waste producers, consumers, recycling industries, policy and law makers, academicians, and researchers."--
Date Published:2024

Includes index. "This book strives to deliver a complete overview of all aspects related to the toxicity characterization of electronic wastes as well as other important topics including resource recovery, recycling strategies, biotechnological advancements, and current perspectives on waste generation and management. It aims to present hazards associated with the conventional recycling methods and highlights the environmentally compatible, economic approaches for resource recovery and eco-friendly conversion of electronic wastes. The book will spread awareness and knowledge towards ecofriendly and green recycling of electronic waste to prevent resource loss and mitigation of environmental pollution and serves as a guide for electronic waste producers, consumers, recycling industries, policy and law makers, academicians, and researchers."--

Date Published:2024

Routledge handbook of international relations in the Middle East


Biographical notes -- The blurred line between state identity and realpolitik / Shahram Akbarzadeh -- Neoclassical realism : domestic politics, systemic pressures, and the impact on foreign policy since the Arab Spring / Thomas Juneau, Steven E. Lobell, Norrin Ripsman and Larry Rubin -- What constructivism? / Vendulka KubÃ¡lkovÃ¡ -- Historical sociology and Middle East international relations / Ewan Stein -- Subaltern realism meets the Arab world / Mohammad Ayoob -- Islam, political Islam, and the state system / Frederic Volpi -- Don't shoot the elephant : Middle East stability after the Iranian nuclear deal / Patricia Lewis and Karim Kemal -- The revolutionary guard in Iranian domestic and foreign power politics? Farzan Sabet and Roozbeh Safshekan -- The Arab uprising and regional power struggle / Raymond Hinnesbuch -- U.S.-Israel relations during the Obama administration : fundamental shift, or adaptation to new realities? / Professor Robert Looney -- Saudi Arabia and Iran : Islam and foreign policy in the Middle East / Simon Mabon -- The Arab Spring and Russian foreign policy toward the Middle East / Mark Katz -- China's foray into the Middle East : from ambivalence to ambition? / Michael Clarke -- Oil production, innovation, and politics in the Middle East / Hamid E. Ali -- Qatar : an ambitious small state / Matthew Gray -- GCC foreign policy : the struggle for consensus / Kristian Coates Ulrichsen -- EU policy in the Middle East : shifting dynamics / Christian Koch -- Old and new challenges for ethnic and religious minorities in the Middle East / Jordi Tejel -- UNSCR 1325 : a framework for women's peace activism in the Middle East? / Sophie Richter-Devroe -- The demise of the arab strongman? Authoritarianism and the future of the Middle East / Pietro Marzo and Francesco Cavatorta -- State breakdown and its beneficiaries : the Kurds / Denise Natali -- Strategic decision-making of Middle Eastern armed non-state actors / Wietse van den Berge -- Islamic state : aberration, or accelerant of system-wide changes to come? / Michael S. Smith II -- The Iran-Hizbullah relationship in the Arab Spring / Shahram Akbarzadeh -- The Muslim Brotherhood and an-Nahda after the Arab Spring : a failed project / Alison Pargeter -- Transition and the Arab Spring / George Joffe -- Shock absorption Palestinian-Israel status quo 2009-17 / Philip Leech-Ngo -- The rise and fall of Turkey in the Arab Spring / Paul Williams. This handbook book examines the regional and international dynamics of the Middle East. It challenges the state society dichotomy to make sense of decision making and behaviour by ruling regimes. The 28 chapters include the world's leading scholars of the Middle East and International Relations (IR) in order to make sense of the region. This synthesis of area studies expertise and IR theory provides a unique and rigorous account of the region's current dynamics, which have reached crisis point since the beginning of the Arab Spring. The Middle East has been characterised by volatility for more than a century. Although the region attracts significant scholarly interest, IR theory has rarely been used as a tool to understand events. The constructivist approach in IR highlights the significance of state identity, shaped by history and culture, in making sense of international relations. The authors of this volume consider how IR theory can elucidate the patterns and principles that shape the region, in order to provide a rigorous account of the contemporary challenges of the Middle East. The Routledge Handbook of International Relations in the Middle East provides a comprehensive coverage of International Relations issues in the region. Thus, it offers key resources for researchers and students interested in International Relations and the Middle East.
Date Published:2019

Biographical notes -- The blurred line between state identity and realpolitik / Shahram Akbarzadeh -- Neoclassical realism : domestic politics, systemic pressures, and the impact on foreign policy since the Arab Spring / Thomas Juneau, Steven E. Lobell, Norrin Ripsman and Larry Rubin -- What constructivism? / Vendulka KubÃ¡lkovÃ¡ -- Historical sociology and Middle East international relations / Ewan Stein -- Subaltern realism meets the Arab world / Mohammad Ayoob -- Islam, political Islam, and the state system / Frederic Volpi -- Don't shoot the elephant : Middle East stability after the Iranian nuclear deal / Patricia Lewis and Karim Kemal -- The revolutionary guard in Iranian domestic and foreign power politics? Farzan Sabet and Roozbeh Safshekan -- The Arab uprising and regional power struggle / Raymond Hinnesbuch -- U.S.-Israel relations during the Obama administration : fundamental shift, or adaptation to new realities? / Professor Robert Looney -- Saudi Arabia and Iran : Islam and foreign policy in the Middle East / Simon Mabon -- The Arab Spring and Russian foreign policy toward the Middle East / Mark Katz -- China's foray into the Middle East : from ambivalence to ambition? / Michael Clarke -- Oil production, innovation, and politics in the Middle East / Hamid E. Ali -- Qatar : an ambitious small state / Matthew Gray -- GCC foreign policy : the struggle for consensus / Kristian Coates Ulrichsen -- EU policy in the Middle East : shifting dynamics / Christian Koch -- Old and new challenges for ethnic and religious minorities in the Middle East / Jordi Tejel -- UNSCR 1325 : a framework for women's peace activism in the Middle East? / Sophie Richter-Devroe -- The demise of the arab strongman? Authoritarianism and the future of the Middle East / Pietro Marzo and Francesco Cavatorta -- State breakdown and its beneficiaries : the Kurds / Denise Natali -- Strategic decision-making of Middle Eastern armed non-state actors / Wietse van den Berge -- Islamic state : aberration, or accelerant of system-wide changes to come? / Michael S. Smith II -- The Iran-Hizbullah relationship in the Arab Spring / Shahram Akbarzadeh -- The Muslim Brotherhood and an-Nahda after the Arab Spring : a failed project / Alison Pargeter -- Transition and the Arab Spring / George Joffe -- Shock absorption Palestinian-Israel status quo 2009-17 / Philip Leech-Ngo -- The rise and fall of Turkey in the Arab Spring / Paul Williams. This handbook book examines the regional and international dynamics of the Middle East. It challenges the state society dichotomy to make sense of decision making and behaviour by ruling regimes. The 28 chapters include the world's leading scholars of the Middle East and International Relations (IR) in order to make sense of the region. This synthesis of area studies expertise and IR theory provides a unique and rigorous account of the region's current dynamics, which have reached crisis point since the beginning of the Arab Spring. The Middle East has been characterised by volatility for more than a century. Although the region attracts significant scholarly interest, IR theory has rarely been used as a tool to understand events. The constructivist approach in IR highlights the significance of state identity, shaped by history and culture, in making sense of international relations. The authors of this volume consider how IR theory can elucidate the patterns and principles that shape the region, in order to provide a rigorous account of the contemporary challenges of the Middle East. The Routledge Handbook of International Relations in the Middle East provides a comprehensive coverage of International Relations issues in the region. Thus, it offers key resources for researchers and students interested in International Relations and the Middle East.

Date Published:2019

Microgrids : Theory and Practice /


Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Editor -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Reader's Manual -- 1.2.1 Volume I: Theory -- 1.2.1.1 Platform -- 1.2.1.2 Steady‐State Analysis -- 1.2.1.3 Dynamics and Stability -- 1.2.1.4 Resilience -- 1.2.1.5 Control and Optimization -- 1.2.1.6 Cyber Infrastructure and Cybersecurity -- 1.2.2 Volume II: Practice -- 1.2.2.1 Community Microgrids -- 1.2.2.2 Control, Protection, and Analytics -- 1.2.2.3 Microgrid as a Service -- Chapter 2 AI‐Grid: AI‐Enabled, Smart Programmable Microgrids -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 AI‐Grid Platform -- 2.3 AI‐Enabled, Provably Resilient NM Operations -- 2.3.1 Neuro‐Reachability: AI‐Enabled Dynamic Verification of NMs Dynamics -- 2.3.2 Neuro‐DSE: AI‐Enabled Dynamic State Estimation -- 2.3.3 Neural‐Adaptability: AI‐Based Resilient Microgrid Control -- 2.4 Resilient Modeling and Prediction of NM States Under Uncertainty -- 2.4.1 Hybrid Neural ODE‐SDE Graph Modeling of NM Dynamics -- 2.4.2 NeuralODE with Soft‐Masking to Adapt to Spatially Partial Observations -- 2.4.3 NeuralSDE with Wasserstein Adversarial Training for Efficient Learning of Process Uncertainty -- 2.4.4 Experiments -- 2.4.4.1 Overall Performance -- 2.4.4.2 Performance in the Presence of Noise -- 2.4.4.3 Prototyping -- 2.5 Runtime Safety and Security Assurance for AI‐Grid -- 2.5.1 Introduction -- 2.5.1.1 Architectural Overview of Bb‐Simplex -- 2.5.2 Preliminaries -- 2.5.2.1 BaC Synthesis Using SOS Optimization -- 2.5.2.2 BaC Synthesis Using Deep Learning -- 2.5.3 Deriving the Switching Condition -- 2.5.3.1 Forward Switching Condition -- 2.5.3.2 Reverse Switching Condition -- 2.5.3.3 Decision Logic -- 2.5.4 Application to Microgrids -- 2.5.4.1 Baseline Controller -- 2.5.4.2 Neural Controller -- 2.5.4.3 Adaptation Module. 2.5.5 Implementation and Experiments -- 2.5.5.1 Integration of Bb‐Simplex in RTDS -- 2.5.5.2 User Interface -- 2.5.5.3 Consistency of RTDS and MATLAB Models -- 2.5.5.4 Evaluation of Forward Switching Condition -- 2.5.5.5 Evaluation of Neural Controller -- 2.5.5.6 Evaluation of Adaptation Module -- 2.5.6 Extension to Approximate Dynamics -- 2.5.6.1 Impact of Approximate Dynamics on BaC -- 2.5.6.2 Impact of Approximate Dynamics on FSC -- 2.5.7 Extension to Hybrid Systems -- 2.5.7.1 Switching Logic for Hybrid Systems -- 2.5.7.2 FSC for Hybrid Systems -- 2.5.8 Related Work -- 2.6 Software Platform for AI‐Grid -- 2.6.1 Infrastructure Overview -- 2.6.1.1 Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) -- 2.6.1.2 Windows -- 2.6.1.3 Network -- 2.6.1.4 SQL Server -- 2.6.1.5 Python -- 2.6.1.6 DNP3 -- 2.6.1.7 Asp.net Web Server -- 2.6.2 Software Architecture Overview -- 2.6.3 Software Architecture Component -- 2.6.3.1 RTDS -- 2.6.3.2 DNP3 -- 2.6.3.3 Special Encoding/Decoding Process -- 2.6.3.4 SQL Server -- 2.6.3.5 AI‐Grid Control Function -- 2.6.4 Customization for Each Team -- 2.6.4.1 SDC -- 2.6.4.2 Power Flow -- 2.6.4.3 Digital Twin User Interface -- 2.7 AI‐Grid for Grid Modernization -- 2.8 Exercises -- References -- Chapter 3 Distributed Power Flow and Continuation Power Flow for Steady‐State Analysis of Microgrids -- 3.1 Background -- 3.2 Individual Microgrid Power Flow -- 3.2.1 Enhanced Newton‐Type Power Flow -- 3.2.1.1 EMPF Formulation -- 3.2.1.2 Modified Jacobian Matrix -- 3.2.2 Revisited Implicit Zbus Power Flow -- 3.2.2.1 Basic GRev Formulation -- 3.2.2.2 GRev with Hierarchical Control -- 3.2.3 Generalized Back/Forward Sweep Power Flow -- 3.2.3.1 Direct Back/Forward Sweep Method -- 3.2.3.2 Generalized Microgrid Power Flow Algorithm -- 3.3 Networked Microgrids Power Flow -- 3.3.1 Networked Microgrids Architecture -- 3.3.2 Distributed NMPF Formulation. 3.3.2.1 Power Sharing (PS) Mode -- 3.3.2.2 Voltage Regulation (VR) Mode -- 3.3.3 Distributed NMPF Algorithm -- 3.3.4 APF‐Based Continuation Power Flow -- 3.4 Numerical Tests of Microgrid Power Flow -- 3.4.1 Validity of Individual Microgrid Power Flow -- 3.4.1.1 Power Flow Results for Different Microgrid Configurations -- 3.4.1.2 Power Flow Results Under Various Control Modes -- 3.4.2 Validity of Networked Microgrids Power Flow -- 3.4.2.1 APF Results Under Droop Control -- 3.4.2.2 APF Results Under PS Control -- 3.4.2.3 APF Results Under VR Control -- 3.4.2.4 Convergence Performance of APF -- 3.5 Exercises -- References -- Chapter 4 State and Parameter Estimation for Microgrids -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 State and Parameter Estimation for Inverter‐Based Resources -- 4.2.1 Background and Motivation -- 4.2.2 Overview of CPDSE Framework -- 4.2.2.1 Cyber‐Physical State‐Space Representation of IBRs -- 4.2.2.2 Comparison with Conventional Single‐State‐Space Representation -- 4.2.2.3 CPDSE and CPDPE for IBRs -- 4.2.3 Examples of Cyber‐Physical State‐Space Models -- 4.2.3.1 Physical State‐Space Model -- 4.2.3.2 Cyber State‐Space Model -- 4.2.4 CKF for Dynamic State Estimation and Bad Data Processing -- 4.2.5 Simulation Results -- 4.3 State and Parameter Estimation for Network Components -- 4.3.1 Background and Motivation -- 4.3.2 Dynamic State Estimation‐Based Protection for Microgrid Circuits -- 4.3.3 Dynamic State Estimation‐Based Fault Location for Microgrid Circuits -- 4.4 Conclusion -- 4.5 Exercise -- 4.6 Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 5 Eigenanalysis of Delayed Networked Microgrids -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Formulation of Delayed NMs -- 5.3 Delayed NMs Eigenanalysis -- 5.3.1 Solution Operator Basics -- 5.3.2 ODE‐SOD Eigensolver -- 5.4 Case Study -- 5.4.1 Methodology Validity -- 5.4.2 Cyber Network's Impact on NMs Stability. 5.4.2.1 Impact of Communication Delay -- 5.4.2.2 Impact of Measurement Delay -- 5.4.3 Electrical Network's Impact on NMs Stability -- 5.5 Conclusion -- 5.6 Exercises -- References -- Chapter 6 AI‐Enabled Dynamic Model Discovery of Networked Microgrids -- 6.1 Preliminaries on ODE‐Based Dynamical Modeling of NMs -- 6.1.1 Formulation of DERs with Hierarchical Control -- 6.1.2 Formulation of Network Dynamics -- 6.1.3 ODE‐Enabled NMs Dynamic Model -- 6.2 Physics‐Data‐Integrated ODE Model of NMs -- 6.2.1 Physics‐Based InSys Formulation -- 6.2.2 Data‐Driven ExSys Formulation -- 6.3 ODE‐Net‐Enabled Dynamic Model Discovery for Microgrids -- 6.3.1 ODE‐Net‐Based State‐Space Model Formulation -- 6.3.2 Continuous‐Time Learning Model for ODE‐Net -- 6.3.2.1 Discrete‐Time Learning -- 6.3.2.2 Continuous‐Time Learning -- 6.3.3 Continuous Backpropagation -- 6.3.4 Further Discussion -- 6.4 Physics‐Informed Learning for ODE‐Net‐Enabled Dynamic Models -- 6.4.1 Physics‐Informed Formulation for ODE‐Net Training -- 6.4.2 Physics‐Informed Continuous Backpropagation -- 6.5 Experiments -- 6.5.1 Case Design -- 6.5.1.1 Test System 1 -- 6.5.1.2 Test System 2 -- 6.5.2 Method Validity -- 6.5.3 Method Scalability -- 6.5.4 Method Superiority over Discrete‐Time Learning -- 6.6 Summary -- 6.7 Exercises -- References -- Chapter 7 Transient Stability Analysis for Microgrids with Grid‐Forming Converters -- 7.1 Background -- 7.2 System Modeling -- 7.2.1 Grid‐Following Inverter -- 7.2.2 Grid‐Forming Inverter -- 7.2.3 SG Model -- 7.2.4 Network Model -- 7.2.5 Fault Model -- 7.3 Metric for Transient Stability -- 7.4 Microgrid Transient Stability Analysis -- 7.4.1 Transient Stability of an Islanded Microgrid with Single SG -- 7.4.2 Impact of GFL Inverter on Transient Stability of an Islanded Microgrid -- 7.4.3 Impact of GFM and Parameter Tuning on Transient Stability of an Islanded Microgrid. 7.4.4 The Transient Stability of an Islanded Microgrid with Only GFM -- 7.5 Conclusion and Future Directions -- 7.6 Exercises -- References -- Chapter 8 Learning‐Based Transient Stability Assessment of Networked Microgrids -- 8.1 Motivation -- 8.2 Networked Microgrid Dynamics -- 8.3 Learning a Lyapunov Function -- 8.3.1 Stability of Equilibrium Points -- 8.3.2 Neural Network Architecture -- 8.3.3 Neural Lyapunov Methods -- 8.4 Case Study -- 8.5 Summary -- 8.6 Exercises -- References -- Chapter 9 Microgrid Protection -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Motivation -- 9.2 Protection Fundamentals -- 9.2.1 Big Picture -- 9.2.2 Protection Systems and Actions -- 9.2.2.1 Overcurrent Element -- 9.2.2.2 Distance Element -- 9.2.2.3 Current Differential -- 9.2.2.4 Directional Comparison -- 9.2.3 Phasor‐Based Protection -- 9.2.4 Full‐Cycle Fourier Transformation -- 9.2.5 Superimposed Quantities -- 9.2.6 Traveling Wave‐Based Protection -- 9.2.7 Centralized Protection -- 9.3 Typical Microgrid Protection Schemes -- 9.3.1 Subtransmission -- 9.3.2 Distribution -- 9.3.2.1 Radial -- 9.3.2.2 Looped/Meshed -- 9.3.2.3 Typical Response Times -- 9.3.3 IEEE 1547 Guidelines for DERs -- 9.4 Challenges Posed by Microgrids -- 9.4.1 Challenges Posed by Changes in Operational Mode -- 9.4.1.1 Short‐Circuit Capacity -- 9.4.1.2 Current‐Flow Direction -- 9.4.2 Challenges Posed by DER Operation -- 9.4.2.1 Voltage Regulation and Stability -- 9.4.2.2 Frequency Decay and Angular Stability -- 9.4.3 IBR Challenges -- 9.4.3.1 Impacts of IBR Fault Current -- 9.4.3.2 Impacts Posed by IBR to Protection Schemes -- 9.5 Examples of Solutions in Practice -- 9.5.1 Case 1: North Bay Hydro Microgrid -- 9.5.1.1 Challenges -- 9.5.1.2 Protection Overview -- 9.5.1.3 Solution -- 9.5.2 Case 2: IIT Microgrid -- 9.5.2.1 Challenges -- 9.5.2.2 Protection Overview -- 9.5.2.3 Solution. 9.5.3 Case 3: Duke Energy Microgrid. "A microgrid is a decentralized group of electricity sources and loads that normally operates, connected to and synchronous with the traditional wide area synchronous grid (macrogrid), but is able to disconnect from the interconnected grid and to function autonomously in "island mode" as technical or economic conditions dictate. Another use case is the off-grid application, it is called an autonomous, stand-alone or isolated microgrid. These microgrids are best served by local energy sources where power transmission and distribution from a major centralized energy source is too far and costly to execute. They offer an option for rural electrification in remote areas and on smaller geographical islands. As a controllable entity, a microgrid can effectively integrate various sources of distributed generation (DG), especially renewable energy sources (RES)."--
Date Published:2024

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- About the Editor -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Reader's Manual -- 1.2.1 Volume I: Theory -- 1.2.1.1 Platform -- 1.2.1.2 Steady‐State Analysis -- 1.2.1.3 Dynamics and Stability -- 1.2.1.4 Resilience -- 1.2.1.5 Control and Optimization -- 1.2.1.6 Cyber Infrastructure and Cybersecurity -- 1.2.2 Volume II: Practice -- 1.2.2.1 Community Microgrids -- 1.2.2.2 Control, Protection, and Analytics -- 1.2.2.3 Microgrid as a Service -- Chapter 2 AI‐Grid: AI‐Enabled, Smart Programmable Microgrids -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 AI‐Grid Platform -- 2.3 AI‐Enabled, Provably Resilient NM Operations -- 2.3.1 Neuro‐Reachability: AI‐Enabled Dynamic Verification of NMs Dynamics -- 2.3.2 Neuro‐DSE: AI‐Enabled Dynamic State Estimation -- 2.3.3 Neural‐Adaptability: AI‐Based Resilient Microgrid Control -- 2.4 Resilient Modeling and Prediction of NM States Under Uncertainty -- 2.4.1 Hybrid Neural ODE‐SDE Graph Modeling of NM Dynamics -- 2.4.2 NeuralODE with Soft‐Masking to Adapt to Spatially Partial Observations -- 2.4.3 NeuralSDE with Wasserstein Adversarial Training for Efficient Learning of Process Uncertainty -- 2.4.4 Experiments -- 2.4.4.1 Overall Performance -- 2.4.4.2 Performance in the Presence of Noise -- 2.4.4.3 Prototyping -- 2.5 Runtime Safety and Security Assurance for AI‐Grid -- 2.5.1 Introduction -- 2.5.1.1 Architectural Overview of Bb‐Simplex -- 2.5.2 Preliminaries -- 2.5.2.1 BaC Synthesis Using SOS Optimization -- 2.5.2.2 BaC Synthesis Using Deep Learning -- 2.5.3 Deriving the Switching Condition -- 2.5.3.1 Forward Switching Condition -- 2.5.3.2 Reverse Switching Condition -- 2.5.3.3 Decision Logic -- 2.5.4 Application to Microgrids -- 2.5.4.1 Baseline Controller -- 2.5.4.2 Neural Controller -- 2.5.4.3 Adaptation Module. 2.5.5 Implementation and Experiments -- 2.5.5.1 Integration of Bb‐Simplex in RTDS -- 2.5.5.2 User Interface -- 2.5.5.3 Consistency of RTDS and MATLAB Models -- 2.5.5.4 Evaluation of Forward Switching Condition -- 2.5.5.5 Evaluation of Neural Controller -- 2.5.5.6 Evaluation of Adaptation Module -- 2.5.6 Extension to Approximate Dynamics -- 2.5.6.1 Impact of Approximate Dynamics on BaC -- 2.5.6.2 Impact of Approximate Dynamics on FSC -- 2.5.7 Extension to Hybrid Systems -- 2.5.7.1 Switching Logic for Hybrid Systems -- 2.5.7.2 FSC for Hybrid Systems -- 2.5.8 Related Work -- 2.6 Software Platform for AI‐Grid -- 2.6.1 Infrastructure Overview -- 2.6.1.1 Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) -- 2.6.1.2 Windows -- 2.6.1.3 Network -- 2.6.1.4 SQL Server -- 2.6.1.5 Python -- 2.6.1.6 DNP3 -- 2.6.1.7 Asp.net Web Server -- 2.6.2 Software Architecture Overview -- 2.6.3 Software Architecture Component -- 2.6.3.1 RTDS -- 2.6.3.2 DNP3 -- 2.6.3.3 Special Encoding/Decoding Process -- 2.6.3.4 SQL Server -- 2.6.3.5 AI‐Grid Control Function -- 2.6.4 Customization for Each Team -- 2.6.4.1 SDC -- 2.6.4.2 Power Flow -- 2.6.4.3 Digital Twin User Interface -- 2.7 AI‐Grid for Grid Modernization -- 2.8 Exercises -- References -- Chapter 3 Distributed Power Flow and Continuation Power Flow for Steady‐State Analysis of Microgrids -- 3.1 Background -- 3.2 Individual Microgrid Power Flow -- 3.2.1 Enhanced Newton‐Type Power Flow -- 3.2.1.1 EMPF Formulation -- 3.2.1.2 Modified Jacobian Matrix -- 3.2.2 Revisited Implicit Zbus Power Flow -- 3.2.2.1 Basic GRev Formulation -- 3.2.2.2 GRev with Hierarchical Control -- 3.2.3 Generalized Back/Forward Sweep Power Flow -- 3.2.3.1 Direct Back/Forward Sweep Method -- 3.2.3.2 Generalized Microgrid Power Flow Algorithm -- 3.3 Networked Microgrids Power Flow -- 3.3.1 Networked Microgrids Architecture -- 3.3.2 Distributed NMPF Formulation. 3.3.2.1 Power Sharing (PS) Mode -- 3.3.2.2 Voltage Regulation (VR) Mode -- 3.3.3 Distributed NMPF Algorithm -- 3.3.4 APF‐Based Continuation Power Flow -- 3.4 Numerical Tests of Microgrid Power Flow -- 3.4.1 Validity of Individual Microgrid Power Flow -- 3.4.1.1 Power Flow Results for Different Microgrid Configurations -- 3.4.1.2 Power Flow Results Under Various Control Modes -- 3.4.2 Validity of Networked Microgrids Power Flow -- 3.4.2.1 APF Results Under Droop Control -- 3.4.2.2 APF Results Under PS Control -- 3.4.2.3 APF Results Under VR Control -- 3.4.2.4 Convergence Performance of APF -- 3.5 Exercises -- References -- Chapter 4 State and Parameter Estimation for Microgrids -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 State and Parameter Estimation for Inverter‐Based Resources -- 4.2.1 Background and Motivation -- 4.2.2 Overview of CPDSE Framework -- 4.2.2.1 Cyber‐Physical State‐Space Representation of IBRs -- 4.2.2.2 Comparison with Conventional Single‐State‐Space Representation -- 4.2.2.3 CPDSE and CPDPE for IBRs -- 4.2.3 Examples of Cyber‐Physical State‐Space Models -- 4.2.3.1 Physical State‐Space Model -- 4.2.3.2 Cyber State‐Space Model -- 4.2.4 CKF for Dynamic State Estimation and Bad Data Processing -- 4.2.5 Simulation Results -- 4.3 State and Parameter Estimation for Network Components -- 4.3.1 Background and Motivation -- 4.3.2 Dynamic State Estimation‐Based Protection for Microgrid Circuits -- 4.3.3 Dynamic State Estimation‐Based Fault Location for Microgrid Circuits -- 4.4 Conclusion -- 4.5 Exercise -- 4.6 Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 5 Eigenanalysis of Delayed Networked Microgrids -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Formulation of Delayed NMs -- 5.3 Delayed NMs Eigenanalysis -- 5.3.1 Solution Operator Basics -- 5.3.2 ODE‐SOD Eigensolver -- 5.4 Case Study -- 5.4.1 Methodology Validity -- 5.4.2 Cyber Network's Impact on NMs Stability. 5.4.2.1 Impact of Communication Delay -- 5.4.2.2 Impact of Measurement Delay -- 5.4.3 Electrical Network's Impact on NMs Stability -- 5.5 Conclusion -- 5.6 Exercises -- References -- Chapter 6 AI‐Enabled Dynamic Model Discovery of Networked Microgrids -- 6.1 Preliminaries on ODE‐Based Dynamical Modeling of NMs -- 6.1.1 Formulation of DERs with Hierarchical Control -- 6.1.2 Formulation of Network Dynamics -- 6.1.3 ODE‐Enabled NMs Dynamic Model -- 6.2 Physics‐Data‐Integrated ODE Model of NMs -- 6.2.1 Physics‐Based InSys Formulation -- 6.2.2 Data‐Driven ExSys Formulation -- 6.3 ODE‐Net‐Enabled Dynamic Model Discovery for Microgrids -- 6.3.1 ODE‐Net‐Based State‐Space Model Formulation -- 6.3.2 Continuous‐Time Learning Model for ODE‐Net -- 6.3.2.1 Discrete‐Time Learning -- 6.3.2.2 Continuous‐Time Learning -- 6.3.3 Continuous Backpropagation -- 6.3.4 Further Discussion -- 6.4 Physics‐Informed Learning for ODE‐Net‐Enabled Dynamic Models -- 6.4.1 Physics‐Informed Formulation for ODE‐Net Training -- 6.4.2 Physics‐Informed Continuous Backpropagation -- 6.5 Experiments -- 6.5.1 Case Design -- 6.5.1.1 Test System 1 -- 6.5.1.2 Test System 2 -- 6.5.2 Method Validity -- 6.5.3 Method Scalability -- 6.5.4 Method Superiority over Discrete‐Time Learning -- 6.6 Summary -- 6.7 Exercises -- References -- Chapter 7 Transient Stability Analysis for Microgrids with Grid‐Forming Converters -- 7.1 Background -- 7.2 System Modeling -- 7.2.1 Grid‐Following Inverter -- 7.2.2 Grid‐Forming Inverter -- 7.2.3 SG Model -- 7.2.4 Network Model -- 7.2.5 Fault Model -- 7.3 Metric for Transient Stability -- 7.4 Microgrid Transient Stability Analysis -- 7.4.1 Transient Stability of an Islanded Microgrid with Single SG -- 7.4.2 Impact of GFL Inverter on Transient Stability of an Islanded Microgrid -- 7.4.3 Impact of GFM and Parameter Tuning on Transient Stability of an Islanded Microgrid. 7.4.4 The Transient Stability of an Islanded Microgrid with Only GFM -- 7.5 Conclusion and Future Directions -- 7.6 Exercises -- References -- Chapter 8 Learning‐Based Transient Stability Assessment of Networked Microgrids -- 8.1 Motivation -- 8.2 Networked Microgrid Dynamics -- 8.3 Learning a Lyapunov Function -- 8.3.1 Stability of Equilibrium Points -- 8.3.2 Neural Network Architecture -- 8.3.3 Neural Lyapunov Methods -- 8.4 Case Study -- 8.5 Summary -- 8.6 Exercises -- References -- Chapter 9 Microgrid Protection -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Motivation -- 9.2 Protection Fundamentals -- 9.2.1 Big Picture -- 9.2.2 Protection Systems and Actions -- 9.2.2.1 Overcurrent Element -- 9.2.2.2 Distance Element -- 9.2.2.3 Current Differential -- 9.2.2.4 Directional Comparison -- 9.2.3 Phasor‐Based Protection -- 9.2.4 Full‐Cycle Fourier Transformation -- 9.2.5 Superimposed Quantities -- 9.2.6 Traveling Wave‐Based Protection -- 9.2.7 Centralized Protection -- 9.3 Typical Microgrid Protection Schemes -- 9.3.1 Subtransmission -- 9.3.2 Distribution -- 9.3.2.1 Radial -- 9.3.2.2 Looped/Meshed -- 9.3.2.3 Typical Response Times -- 9.3.3 IEEE 1547 Guidelines for DERs -- 9.4 Challenges Posed by Microgrids -- 9.4.1 Challenges Posed by Changes in Operational Mode -- 9.4.1.1 Short‐Circuit Capacity -- 9.4.1.2 Current‐Flow Direction -- 9.4.2 Challenges Posed by DER Operation -- 9.4.2.1 Voltage Regulation and Stability -- 9.4.2.2 Frequency Decay and Angular Stability -- 9.4.3 IBR Challenges -- 9.4.3.1 Impacts of IBR Fault Current -- 9.4.3.2 Impacts Posed by IBR to Protection Schemes -- 9.5 Examples of Solutions in Practice -- 9.5.1 Case 1: North Bay Hydro Microgrid -- 9.5.1.1 Challenges -- 9.5.1.2 Protection Overview -- 9.5.1.3 Solution -- 9.5.2 Case 2: IIT Microgrid -- 9.5.2.1 Challenges -- 9.5.2.2 Protection Overview -- 9.5.2.3 Solution. 9.5.3 Case 3: Duke Energy Microgrid. "A microgrid is a decentralized group of electricity sources and loads that normally operates, connected to and synchronous with the traditional wide area synchronous grid (macrogrid), but is able to disconnect from the interconnected grid and to function autonomously in "island mode" as technical or economic conditions dictate. Another use case is the off-grid application, it is called an autonomous, stand-alone or isolated microgrid. These microgrids are best served by local energy sources where power transmission and distribution from a major centralized energy source is too far and costly to execute. They offer an option for rural electrification in remote areas and on smaller geographical islands. As a controllable entity, a microgrid can effectively integrate various sources of distributed generation (DG), especially renewable energy sources (RES)."--

Date Published:2024

Guidelines for revalidating a process hazard analysis

American Institute of Chemical Engineers,


Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Glossary and Nomenclature -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Dedication -- Introduction -- Objective of this Book -- Scope of this Book -- How to Use This Guidelines Book -- 1 OVERVIEW OF THE PHA REVALIDATION PROCESS -- 1.1 What is a PHA and What is a PHA Intended to Accomplish? -- 1.2 Overview of Typical PHA Activities -- 1.2.1 PHA Core Methodology -- 1.2.2 PHA Complementary Analyses -- 1.3 General Risk Assessment Principles -- 1.3.1 Risk and Risk Toler -- 1.3.2 Supplemental Risk Assessments -- 1.4 PHA Revalidation Objectives -- 1.5 PHA Revalidation Concept -- 1.6 PHA Revalidation Cycle -- 1.7 The Role of a PHA Revalidation Procedure -- 1.8 Relationship of RBPS Pillars to a PHA Revalidation -- 2 PHA REVALIDATION REQUIREMENTS -- 2.1 External Legal/Regulatory Requirements -- 2.1.1 General Obligations -- 2.1.2 Specific RAGAGEPs -- 2.2 Internal Company Policy Requirements -- 2.2.1 Compliance-Driven Policies -- 2.2.2 EHS-Driven Policies -- 2.2.3 Value-Driven Policies -- 2.3 Internal Company Drivers That Impact Revalidation -- 2.4 Principles for Successful Definition of Revalidation Requirements -- 3 EVALUATING THE PRIOR PHA -- 3.1 Prior PHA Essential Criteria -- 3.1.1 Prior PHA Methodology Used -- 3.1.2 Prior PHA Inputs -- 3.1.3 Prior PHA Scope -- 3.1.4 Drawing Essential Criteria Conclusions -- 3.2 Prior PHA Quality and Completeness -- 3.2.1 Application of Analysis Method(s) -- 3.2.2 Level of Detail and Accuracy of the Core Analysis -- 3.2.3 Logic Errors and Inconsistencies in the Analysis -- 3.2.4 Failure to Document Hazards -- 3.2.5 Improper Application of Risk Tolerance -- 3.2.6 Drawing Quality and Completeness Conclusions -- 3.3 Prior PHA Topics for Additional Evaluation -- 3.3.1 Status of Prior PHA Recommendations. 3.3.2 Complementary Analyses and Supplemental Risk Assessments -- 3.3.3 Opportunity to Learn and Capture Information -- 3.3.4 Continuous Improvement -- 3.3.5 PHA Documentation Software Changes -- 3.3.6 Time Since the Previous Redo -- 3.4 Principles for Successful Prior PHA Evaluation -- 4 EVALUATING OPERATING EXPERIENCE SINCE THE PRIOR PHA -- 4.1 Operating Experience Influence on Revalidation -- 4.2 Types of Operating Experience That Should Be Considered -- 4.2.1 MOC and PSSR Records -- 4.2.2 Incident Reports -- 4.2.3 Routine Maintenance Records -- 4.2.4 Audit Results -- 4.2.5 Organizational Changes Not Addressed by MOCs -- 4.2.6 Metrics and Overall Performance -- 4.3 How Operating Experience Affects the Revalidation -- 4.4 Principles for Successful Operating Experience Evaluation -- 5 SELECTING AN APPROPRIATE PHA REVALIDATION APPROACH -- 5.1 Revalidation Approaches -- 5.1.1 Update -- 5.1.2 Redo -- 5.1.3 Combining Update and Redo in a Revalidation -- 5.2 Selecting the Revalidation Options -- 5.2.1 Have the Requirements Changed Significantly? -- 5.2.2 Is the Prior PHA Deficient or Unacceptable? -- 5.2.3 Are There Too Many Changes or Significant Revelations in Operating Experience? -- 5.3 Principles for Successful Revalidation Approach Selection -- 6 PREPARING FOR PHA REVALIDATION MEETINGS -- 6.1 Planning the Revalidation Meetings -- 6.1.1 Establishing the Revalidation Scope -- 6.1.2 Selecting Team Members -- 6.1.3 Estimating Schedule, Time, and Resources -- 6.2 Identifying and Collecting Information -- 6.2.1 Determining Information Requirements -- 6.2.2 Distributing Information -- 6.3 Reviewing and Preparing Information -- 6.3.1 Prior PHA Reports and Related Documentation -- 6.3.2 Prior PHA Recommendation Resolution Status -- 6.3.3 MOC and PSSR Records -- 6.3.4 Audit Results -- 6.3.5 Incident Reports -- 6.3.6 Current Piping and Instrument Diagrams. 6.3.7 Current Operating Procedures -- 6.3.8 Special Considerations for Complementary Analyses and Supplemental Risk Assessments -- 6.4 Principles for Successful Revalidation Preparation -- 7 CONDUCTING PHA REVALIDATION MEETINGS -- 7.1 Applying Analysis Methodologies -- 7.1.1 Revalidation of the Core Analysis -- 7.1.2 Revalidation of Complementary Analyses -- 7.1.3 Revalidation of Supplemental Risk Assessments -- 7.2 Facilitating Effective Revalidation Meetings -- 7.2.1 Team Composition -- 7.2.2 Meeting Kickoff -- 7.2.3 Meeting Productivity -- 7.3 Revalidation Meeting Conclusion -- 7.4 Principles for Successful Revalidation Meetings -- 8 DOCUMENTING AND FOLLOWING UP ON A PHA REVALIDATION -- 8.1 Documentation Approaches -- 8.2 Report and Its Contents -- 8.3 Recommendations and Follow-Up -- 8.4 Records Retention and Distribution -- 8.5 Principles for Successful Documentation and Follow-Up -- REFERENCES -- APPENDICES -- APPENDIX A Essential Criteria Checklist -- APPENDIX B PHA Quality and Completeness Checklist -- APPENDIX C Example Change Summary Worksheet -- APPENDIX D Checklist of Process, Facility, and Human Factors Changes -- APPENDIX E Example Facility Siting Checklists -- APPENDIX F Example Human Factors Checklists -- APPENDIX G Example External Events Checklist -- INDEX -- EULA. "This book is derived from the experience of many companies in the chemical and hydrocarbon processing industries, and presents demonstrated, concise, and common sense approaches for a resource-effective revalidation of process hazard analyses (PHAs). It includes flowcharts, checklists, and worksheets that provide invaluable assistance to the revalidation process. The new edition, now as a guideline, provides a complete and thorough update of the first book and will provide much needed and requested guidance on PHA Revalidations including evaluating Prior PHA Studies, Identifying an Appropriate Revalidation Methodology, Preparing and Conducting the Revalidation Study Sessions, and Documenting the Revalidation Study"--
Date Published:2023

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Glossary and Nomenclature -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Dedication -- Introduction -- Objective of this Book -- Scope of this Book -- How to Use This Guidelines Book -- 1 OVERVIEW OF THE PHA REVALIDATION PROCESS -- 1.1 What is a PHA and What is a PHA Intended to Accomplish? -- 1.2 Overview of Typical PHA Activities -- 1.2.1 PHA Core Methodology -- 1.2.2 PHA Complementary Analyses -- 1.3 General Risk Assessment Principles -- 1.3.1 Risk and Risk Toler -- 1.3.2 Supplemental Risk Assessments -- 1.4 PHA Revalidation Objectives -- 1.5 PHA Revalidation Concept -- 1.6 PHA Revalidation Cycle -- 1.7 The Role of a PHA Revalidation Procedure -- 1.8 Relationship of RBPS Pillars to a PHA Revalidation -- 2 PHA REVALIDATION REQUIREMENTS -- 2.1 External Legal/Regulatory Requirements -- 2.1.1 General Obligations -- 2.1.2 Specific RAGAGEPs -- 2.2 Internal Company Policy Requirements -- 2.2.1 Compliance-Driven Policies -- 2.2.2 EHS-Driven Policies -- 2.2.3 Value-Driven Policies -- 2.3 Internal Company Drivers That Impact Revalidation -- 2.4 Principles for Successful Definition of Revalidation Requirements -- 3 EVALUATING THE PRIOR PHA -- 3.1 Prior PHA Essential Criteria -- 3.1.1 Prior PHA Methodology Used -- 3.1.2 Prior PHA Inputs -- 3.1.3 Prior PHA Scope -- 3.1.4 Drawing Essential Criteria Conclusions -- 3.2 Prior PHA Quality and Completeness -- 3.2.1 Application of Analysis Method(s) -- 3.2.2 Level of Detail and Accuracy of the Core Analysis -- 3.2.3 Logic Errors and Inconsistencies in the Analysis -- 3.2.4 Failure to Document Hazards -- 3.2.5 Improper Application of Risk Tolerance -- 3.2.6 Drawing Quality and Completeness Conclusions -- 3.3 Prior PHA Topics for Additional Evaluation -- 3.3.1 Status of Prior PHA Recommendations. 3.3.2 Complementary Analyses and Supplemental Risk Assessments -- 3.3.3 Opportunity to Learn and Capture Information -- 3.3.4 Continuous Improvement -- 3.3.5 PHA Documentation Software Changes -- 3.3.6 Time Since the Previous Redo -- 3.4 Principles for Successful Prior PHA Evaluation -- 4 EVALUATING OPERATING EXPERIENCE SINCE THE PRIOR PHA -- 4.1 Operating Experience Influence on Revalidation -- 4.2 Types of Operating Experience That Should Be Considered -- 4.2.1 MOC and PSSR Records -- 4.2.2 Incident Reports -- 4.2.3 Routine Maintenance Records -- 4.2.4 Audit Results -- 4.2.5 Organizational Changes Not Addressed by MOCs -- 4.2.6 Metrics and Overall Performance -- 4.3 How Operating Experience Affects the Revalidation -- 4.4 Principles for Successful Operating Experience Evaluation -- 5 SELECTING AN APPROPRIATE PHA REVALIDATION APPROACH -- 5.1 Revalidation Approaches -- 5.1.1 Update -- 5.1.2 Redo -- 5.1.3 Combining Update and Redo in a Revalidation -- 5.2 Selecting the Revalidation Options -- 5.2.1 Have the Requirements Changed Significantly? -- 5.2.2 Is the Prior PHA Deficient or Unacceptable? -- 5.2.3 Are There Too Many Changes or Significant Revelations in Operating Experience? -- 5.3 Principles for Successful Revalidation Approach Selection -- 6 PREPARING FOR PHA REVALIDATION MEETINGS -- 6.1 Planning the Revalidation Meetings -- 6.1.1 Establishing the Revalidation Scope -- 6.1.2 Selecting Team Members -- 6.1.3 Estimating Schedule, Time, and Resources -- 6.2 Identifying and Collecting Information -- 6.2.1 Determining Information Requirements -- 6.2.2 Distributing Information -- 6.3 Reviewing and Preparing Information -- 6.3.1 Prior PHA Reports and Related Documentation -- 6.3.2 Prior PHA Recommendation Resolution Status -- 6.3.3 MOC and PSSR Records -- 6.3.4 Audit Results -- 6.3.5 Incident Reports -- 6.3.6 Current Piping and Instrument Diagrams. 6.3.7 Current Operating Procedures -- 6.3.8 Special Considerations for Complementary Analyses and Supplemental Risk Assessments -- 6.4 Principles for Successful Revalidation Preparation -- 7 CONDUCTING PHA REVALIDATION MEETINGS -- 7.1 Applying Analysis Methodologies -- 7.1.1 Revalidation of the Core Analysis -- 7.1.2 Revalidation of Complementary Analyses -- 7.1.3 Revalidation of Supplemental Risk Assessments -- 7.2 Facilitating Effective Revalidation Meetings -- 7.2.1 Team Composition -- 7.2.2 Meeting Kickoff -- 7.2.3 Meeting Productivity -- 7.3 Revalidation Meeting Conclusion -- 7.4 Principles for Successful Revalidation Meetings -- 8 DOCUMENTING AND FOLLOWING UP ON A PHA REVALIDATION -- 8.1 Documentation Approaches -- 8.2 Report and Its Contents -- 8.3 Recommendations and Follow-Up -- 8.4 Records Retention and Distribution -- 8.5 Principles for Successful Documentation and Follow-Up -- REFERENCES -- APPENDICES -- APPENDIX A Essential Criteria Checklist -- APPENDIX B PHA Quality and Completeness Checklist -- APPENDIX C Example Change Summary Worksheet -- APPENDIX D Checklist of Process, Facility, and Human Factors Changes -- APPENDIX E Example Facility Siting Checklists -- APPENDIX F Example Human Factors Checklists -- APPENDIX G Example External Events Checklist -- INDEX -- EULA. "This book is derived from the experience of many companies in the chemical and hydrocarbon processing industries, and presents demonstrated, concise, and common sense approaches for a resource-effective revalidation of process hazard analyses (PHAs). It includes flowcharts, checklists, and worksheets that provide invaluable assistance to the revalidation process. The new edition, now as a guideline, provides a complete and thorough update of the first book and will provide much needed and requested guidance on PHA Revalidations including evaluating Prior PHA Studies, Identifying an Appropriate Revalidation Methodology, Preparing and Conducting the Revalidation Study Sessions, and Documenting the Revalidation Study"--

Date Published:2023

Process systems engineering for biofuels development


"This is the first book specifically devoted to process systems engineering for the production of biofuels. It covers a wide range of topics associated with the process engineering of biofuels production, including thermodynamic modeling, process design and control, reaction engineering, separation and purification of biofuels obtained from different processing routes and feedstocks. The book is divided into two Parts; Part One begins with an overview of the subject and covers biomass feedstocks, process dynamics and plantwide control of downstream processing in biofuels production, multiscale analysis of bioresources, challenges in modeling thermodynamic properties and phase equilibrium calculations, adsorption processes and bioethanol recovery. Part Two deals with the production and separation of biofuels and addresses computer-aided design, enzyme-catalyzed biodiesel production, process analysis of biodiesel production (including kinetic modeling and simulation) and the use of ultrasonification in biodiesel production, as well as thermochemical processes for biofuel transformation and production of alternative biofuels. This book will provide researchers and postgraduate students with an overview of the recent developments and applications of state-of-the-art technologies and process systems engineering for biofuels production. It will be a useful resource for researchers in renewable energies and practitioners working on biofuels production"--
Date Published:2020

"This is the first book specifically devoted to process systems engineering for the production of biofuels. It covers a wide range of topics associated with the process engineering of biofuels production, including thermodynamic modeling, process design and control, reaction engineering, separation and purification of biofuels obtained from different processing routes and feedstocks. The book is divided into two Parts; Part One begins with an overview of the subject and covers biomass feedstocks, process dynamics and plantwide control of downstream processing in biofuels production, multiscale analysis of bioresources, challenges in modeling thermodynamic properties and phase equilibrium calculations, adsorption processes and bioethanol recovery. Part Two deals with the production and separation of biofuels and addresses computer-aided design, enzyme-catalyzed biodiesel production, process analysis of biodiesel production (including kinetic modeling and simulation) and the use of ultrasonification in biodiesel production, as well as thermochemical processes for biofuel transformation and production of alternative biofuels. This book will provide researchers and postgraduate students with an overview of the recent developments and applications of state-of-the-art technologies and process systems engineering for biofuels production. It will be a useful resource for researchers in renewable energies and practitioners working on biofuels production"--

Date Published:2020

Critical minerals, the climate crisis and the tech imperium


Foreword (Morgan Bazilian and Dolf Gielen) -- Introduction (Sophia Kalantzakos) -- Section I -- Chapter 1. Between Rocks and Hard Places: Geopolitics of Net zero futures and the tech imperium (Sophia Kalantzakos) -- Chapter 2. Interdependence vs. Geopolitics: Securitization and Partial Recoupling of U.S.-China Relations (Xiaoyu Pu) -- Chapter 3. Securing Supply Chain Resiliency for Critical Rare Earth Metals (Kristin Vekasi) -- Section II -- Chapter 4. Public Policy Toward Critical Materials: A False Dichotomy, a Messy Middle Ground, and Seven Guiding Principles (Roderick Eggert) -- Chapter 5. Lessons from Three Decades in the Rare Earth Trenches (Constantine Karayannopoulos and Vasileios Tsianos) -- Chapter 6. The Paradox of Green Growth: Challenges and Opportunities in Decarbonizing the Electric Vehicle Supply Chain. (Chris Berry) -- Chapter 7. Raw material demands for the Green Transition. Risks, opportunities, and required actions to meet the 2030 climate targets. (Roland Gau, Carsten Gellermann, Alexander Maurer) -- Section III -- Chapter 8. Social and environmental impacts of rare earth mining and processing: Scoping and preliminary assessment (Julie Michelle Klinger) -- Chapter 9. The Social Conundrum of Eco-centric Activism against Oceanic Minerals (Saleem Ali) -- Chapter 10. The ESG Triangle: How Lithium Mining in Latin America Could Point the Way Toward Long-term Environmental and Social Value Strategies (Owen Pell) -- Index. This book examines the latest manifestations of resource competition. The energy transition and the digitalization of the global economy are both accelerating even as geopolitics driven by Sino-American hyper-competition become increasingly contentious. The volume brings together an interdisciplinary group of scholars, policy makers, institutional stakeholders, and industry experts to analyze not only the transition itself, but also the implications that the need for uninterrupted access to unprecedented levels of raw materials generates. By framing the challenges ahead for global society, governance, industry, international power politics, and the environment, the book asks hard questions about the choices that need to be made to reach net zero by mid-century. Moreover, it sheds light on different facets of the growing risks to what have been global interdependent supply chains in a way that is nuanced, balanced, and practical, thus pushing back on some of the most sensational headlines that breed confusion and may lead policymakers to make more narrow and less effective decisions. The volume is an outcome of Rich Rocks, the Climate Crisis and the Tech-imperium a Summer Institute at Caltech and the Huntington that took place in July 2021.
Date Published:2023

Foreword (Morgan Bazilian and Dolf Gielen) -- Introduction (Sophia Kalantzakos) -- Section I -- Chapter 1. Between Rocks and Hard Places: Geopolitics of Net zero futures and the tech imperium (Sophia Kalantzakos) -- Chapter 2. Interdependence vs. Geopolitics: Securitization and Partial Recoupling of U.S.-China Relations (Xiaoyu Pu) -- Chapter 3. Securing Supply Chain Resiliency for Critical Rare Earth Metals (Kristin Vekasi) -- Section II -- Chapter 4. Public Policy Toward Critical Materials: A False Dichotomy, a Messy Middle Ground, and Seven Guiding Principles (Roderick Eggert) -- Chapter 5. Lessons from Three Decades in the Rare Earth Trenches (Constantine Karayannopoulos and Vasileios Tsianos) -- Chapter 6. The Paradox of Green Growth: Challenges and Opportunities in Decarbonizing the Electric Vehicle Supply Chain. (Chris Berry) -- Chapter 7. Raw material demands for the Green Transition. Risks, opportunities, and required actions to meet the 2030 climate targets. (Roland Gau, Carsten Gellermann, Alexander Maurer) -- Section III -- Chapter 8. Social and environmental impacts of rare earth mining and processing: Scoping and preliminary assessment (Julie Michelle Klinger) -- Chapter 9. The Social Conundrum of Eco-centric Activism against Oceanic Minerals (Saleem Ali) -- Chapter 10. The ESG Triangle: How Lithium Mining in Latin America Could Point the Way Toward Long-term Environmental and Social Value Strategies (Owen Pell) -- Index. This book examines the latest manifestations of resource competition. The energy transition and the digitalization of the global economy are both accelerating even as geopolitics driven by Sino-American hyper-competition become increasingly contentious. The volume brings together an interdisciplinary group of scholars, policy makers, institutional stakeholders, and industry experts to analyze not only the transition itself, but also the implications that the need for uninterrupted access to unprecedented levels of raw materials generates. By framing the challenges ahead for global society, governance, industry, international power politics, and the environment, the book asks hard questions about the choices that need to be made to reach net zero by mid-century. Moreover, it sheds light on different facets of the growing risks to what have been global interdependent supply chains in a way that is nuanced, balanced, and practical, thus pushing back on some of the most sensational headlines that breed confusion and may lead policymakers to make more narrow and less effective decisions. The volume is an outcome of Rich Rocks, the Climate Crisis and the Tech-imperium a Summer Institute at Caltech and the Huntington that took place in July 2021.

Date Published:2023

The economics of John Maynard Keynes

Terra, FaÌbio Henrique Bittes,


"Widely recognized as one of the greatest economists in history, there has been a surge of interest in the work of John Maynard Keynes since the financial crisis of 2008 with people looking for solutions to rebalance the economy. Presciently, Keynes argued that free markets are unable to fully organize economic activity and that the steadying and reforming hand of the State is needed for capitalism to function properly. In the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2008, and exacerbated by a global pandemic, these ideas are more timely than ever. This book provides an introduction to Keynes' thought on capitalism, the State and macroeconomics. It starts with Keynes' epistemological theory of his A Treatise on Probability (1921), from which aspects such as uncertainty and the decision-making process, both later important in his economic work, can be drawn. The book then pursues Keynes' economic writings. From A Tract on the Monetary Reform (1923) and A Treatise on Money (1930) it shows Keynes' pursuit of a full understanding of the role of money in the economy. Keynes masterfully demonstrated the knowledge he gained through his 1936 masterpiece The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Going beyond Keynes' classic, this books also explores his later work on economic policy prescriptions and finally his concept of State and economic development. This accessible introduction to the economic thought of Keynes will be essential reading for those interested in the history and development of economics, as well as political scientists, sociologists, historians and others seeking an overview of these foundational economic ideas"--
Date Published:2023

"Widely recognized as one of the greatest economists in history, there has been a surge of interest in the work of John Maynard Keynes since the financial crisis of 2008 with people looking for solutions to rebalance the economy. Presciently, Keynes argued that free markets are unable to fully organize economic activity and that the steadying and reforming hand of the State is needed for capitalism to function properly. In the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2008, and exacerbated by a global pandemic, these ideas are more timely than ever. This book provides an introduction to Keynes' thought on capitalism, the State and macroeconomics. It starts with Keynes' epistemological theory of his A Treatise on Probability (1921), from which aspects such as uncertainty and the decision-making process, both later important in his economic work, can be drawn. The book then pursues Keynes' economic writings. From A Tract on the Monetary Reform (1923) and A Treatise on Money (1930) it shows Keynes' pursuit of a full understanding of the role of money in the economy. Keynes masterfully demonstrated the knowledge he gained through his 1936 masterpiece The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Going beyond Keynes' classic, this books also explores his later work on economic policy prescriptions and finally his concept of State and economic development. This accessible introduction to the economic thought of Keynes will be essential reading for those interested in the history and development of economics, as well as political scientists, sociologists, historians and others seeking an overview of these foundational economic ideas"--

Date Published:2023

Oil's endless bid : taming the unreliable price of oil to secure the economy /

Dicker, Dan, 1960-


Includes index. Introduction: The Oil Market Is Broken. -- A Brief Look Back at the Good Old Days of Oil Trading. -- Part I: Oil's Endless Bid: What Caused It? -- The Assetization of Oil, Part 1: Commodities Aren't Stocks. -- The Assetization of Oil, Part 2: The Problem with Commodity Indexes and ETFs. -- The Rise of the Investment Banks and Their Financial Finagling. -- Increased Access to Trading Oil: The Trading Floor Goes Online. -- Part II: The Destruction of Reliable Fundamental Pricing of Oil. -- Why Oil Traders Don't Care about the Price of Oil -- or the Value of the Dollar. -- Oil Traders Couldn't Care Less about Peak Oil. -- Alternative Sources of Oil -- and Why Investors Should Care. -- Proof of Oil's Endless Bid: Crack Spreads. -- The Fuel that the Endless Bid Forgot: Natural Gas. -- Part III: Where Are We Headed? -- What Needs to Be Done. -- Epilogue: Oil's Endless Bid Appears in the Gulf of Mexico. -- Appendices. -- Appendix A: A Brief Review of the History of Futures. -- Appendix B: An Extreme Example of Intervention in the Futures Market: How 3 Dallas Oil Tycoons Tried to Corner the Silver Market. "Expert analysis of rising oil prices and the out-of-control oil markets that jeopardize both national security and the economy. The price of oil is negatively impacting both companies and consumers. In Oil's Endless Bid: Taming the Unreliable Price of Energy to Secure Our Economy, energy analyst Dan Dicker recalls his experiences as an oil trader and reveals the changes that have taken place in the oil markets during the past twenty years, and particularly the last five, as investment banks, energy hedge funds, and managed futures funds have come to dominate energy trading and wreak havoc on prices. Reveals why oil prices cannot stabilize without dramatic action on the part of both government and business. Details how the novel, but wrong, idea of oil as an asset class took a sleepy, club-like market into the national spotlight. Describes how the United States is unnecessarily handing its wealth over to foreign oil producers during a time when the potential supply of oil is greater than ever. Written by an industry insider, Oil's Endless Bid analyzes the biggest financial story of the last ten years, how we lost control of our oil markets"--Provided by publisher.
Date Published:2011

Includes index. Introduction: The Oil Market Is Broken. -- A Brief Look Back at the Good Old Days of Oil Trading. -- Part I: Oil's Endless Bid: What Caused It? -- The Assetization of Oil, Part 1: Commodities Aren't Stocks. -- The Assetization of Oil, Part 2: The Problem with Commodity Indexes and ETFs. -- The Rise of the Investment Banks and Their Financial Finagling. -- Increased Access to Trading Oil: The Trading Floor Goes Online. -- Part II: The Destruction of Reliable Fundamental Pricing of Oil. -- Why Oil Traders Don't Care about the Price of Oil -- or the Value of the Dollar. -- Oil Traders Couldn't Care Less about Peak Oil. -- Alternative Sources of Oil -- and Why Investors Should Care. -- Proof of Oil's Endless Bid: Crack Spreads. -- The Fuel that the Endless Bid Forgot: Natural Gas. -- Part III: Where Are We Headed? -- What Needs to Be Done. -- Epilogue: Oil's Endless Bid Appears in the Gulf of Mexico. -- Appendices. -- Appendix A: A Brief Review of the History of Futures. -- Appendix B: An Extreme Example of Intervention in the Futures Market: How 3 Dallas Oil Tycoons Tried to Corner the Silver Market. "Expert analysis of rising oil prices and the out-of-control oil markets that jeopardize both national security and the economy. The price of oil is negatively impacting both companies and consumers. In Oil's Endless Bid: Taming the Unreliable Price of Energy to Secure Our Economy, energy analyst Dan Dicker recalls his experiences as an oil trader and reveals the changes that have taken place in the oil markets during the past twenty years, and particularly the last five, as investment banks, energy hedge funds, and managed futures funds have come to dominate energy trading and wreak havoc on prices. Reveals why oil prices cannot stabilize without dramatic action on the part of both government and business. Details how the novel, but wrong, idea of oil as an asset class took a sleepy, club-like market into the national spotlight. Describes how the United States is unnecessarily handing its wealth over to foreign oil producers during a time when the potential supply of oil is greater than ever. Written by an industry insider, Oil's Endless Bid analyzes the biggest financial story of the last ten years, how we lost control of our oil markets"--Provided by publisher.

Date Published:2011

Paying for energy : report of the Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on the International Oil Crisis : background paper /

Twentieth Century Fund. Task Force on the International Oil Crisis.



Date Published:1975

Organic waste to biohydrogen


Chapter 1. Biohydrogen from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste -- Chapter 2. Biohydrogen from food waste -- Chapter 3. Biohydrogen from fruit and vegetable industry wastes -- Chapter 4. Biohydrogen from Distillery Wastewater: Opportunities and feasibility -- Chapter 5. Biohydrogen from pentose-rich lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate -- Chapter 6. Biohydrogen Production using Cheese Industry Waste: Current trends and Challenges -- Chapter 7. Methods of biological hydrogen production from industrial waste -- Chapter 8. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION AT INDUSTRIAL LEVEL -- Chapter 9. Thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for biohydrogen production -- Chapter 10. Nanotechnological approaches in biohydrogen production -- Chapter 11. Microalgal biomass as a promising feedstock for the production of Biohydrogen: A comprehensive review -- Chapter 12. Biohydrogen: Future energy source for the society. This book provides an updated knowledge on the biohydrogen production from industrial and municipal organic waste materials. Microbes are increasingly being included in the hydrogen based biofuel production and this book covers the processes and protocols for biohydrogen production. There is an urgent need of alternative energy research to fulfill the global energy demand. Biohydrogen is a promising source of sustainable and clean energy as it harnessed by biological means. Biohydrogen may be produced by utilizing different waste materials as a substrate, and by optimization of various parameters of bioreactors such as temperature, pH, partial pressure etc. The waste materials used in hydrogen production are categorized as agricultural waste, municipal waste, industrial waste, and other hazardous wastes. Biohydrogen production from wastes materials opened a new opportunity for the widespread use of everlasting renewable energy source. This book is useful for professional scientists, academicians, biotechnologist and environmentalist along with research scholars in various biotechnology and bioenergy industries by addressing the latest research going on in the field of renewal bioenergy production from waste and their global impact on the environment.
Date Published:2022

Chapter 1. Biohydrogen from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste -- Chapter 2. Biohydrogen from food waste -- Chapter 3. Biohydrogen from fruit and vegetable industry wastes -- Chapter 4. Biohydrogen from Distillery Wastewater: Opportunities and feasibility -- Chapter 5. Biohydrogen from pentose-rich lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate -- Chapter 6. Biohydrogen Production using Cheese Industry Waste: Current trends and Challenges -- Chapter 7. Methods of biological hydrogen production from industrial waste -- Chapter 8. INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION AT INDUSTRIAL LEVEL -- Chapter 9. Thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for biohydrogen production -- Chapter 10. Nanotechnological approaches in biohydrogen production -- Chapter 11. Microalgal biomass as a promising feedstock for the production of Biohydrogen: A comprehensive review -- Chapter 12. Biohydrogen: Future energy source for the society. This book provides an updated knowledge on the biohydrogen production from industrial and municipal organic waste materials. Microbes are increasingly being included in the hydrogen based biofuel production and this book covers the processes and protocols for biohydrogen production. There is an urgent need of alternative energy research to fulfill the global energy demand. Biohydrogen is a promising source of sustainable and clean energy as it harnessed by biological means. Biohydrogen may be produced by utilizing different waste materials as a substrate, and by optimization of various parameters of bioreactors such as temperature, pH, partial pressure etc. The waste materials used in hydrogen production are categorized as agricultural waste, municipal waste, industrial waste, and other hazardous wastes. Biohydrogen production from wastes materials opened a new opportunity for the widespread use of everlasting renewable energy source. This book is useful for professional scientists, academicians, biotechnologist and environmentalist along with research scholars in various biotechnology and bioenergy industries by addressing the latest research going on in the field of renewal bioenergy production from waste and their global impact on the environment.

Date Published:2022

Horizontal directional drilling : utility and pipeline applications /

Willoughby, David A.


"An essential resource for anyone working in the trenchless industry, this authoritative guide provides complete technical information on the design, permitting, construction bid documents, specifications, and construction of HDD applications. Horizontal Directional Drilling features many examples and HDD calculations as well as detailed illustrations. Coverage of the HDD Model Footage Contract - guidelines for HDD projects, example specifications, and information on risk reduction - is also found here."--BOOK JACKET.
Date Published:2005

"An essential resource for anyone working in the trenchless industry, this authoritative guide provides complete technical information on the design, permitting, construction bid documents, specifications, and construction of HDD applications. Horizontal Directional Drilling features many examples and HDD calculations as well as detailed illustrations. Coverage of the HDD Model Footage Contract - guidelines for HDD projects, example specifications, and information on risk reduction - is also found here."--BOOK JACKET.

Date Published:2005

BP statistical review of world energy



Date Published:1981

COVID-19 and world order : the future of conflict, competition, and cooperation /


In collaboration with and appreciation of the book's coeditors, Professors Hal Brands and Francis J. Gavin of the Henry A. Kissinger Center for Global Affairs at Johns Hopkins SAIS, Johns Hopkins University Press is pleased to donate funds to the Maryland Food Bank, in support of the university's food distribution efforts in East Baltimore during this period of food insecurity because of COVID-19 pandemic hardships. The Open Access edition of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Foreword / Ronald J. Daniels -- COVID-19 and world order / Hal Brands and Francis J. Gavin -- Part I: Applied history and future scenarios. Ends of epidemics / Jeremy A. Greene and Dora Vargha ; The world after COVID: A perspective from history / Margaret MacMillan ; Future scenarios: "We are all failed states, now" / Philip Bobbitt -- Part II: Global public health and mitigation strategies. Make pandemics lose their power / Tom Inglesby ; Origins of the COVID-19 pandemic and the path forward: A global public health policy perspective / Lainie Rutkow ; Bioethics in a post-COVID world: Time for future-facing global health ethics / Jeffrey P. Kahn, Anna C. Mastroianni, and Sridhar Venkatapuram -- Part III: Transnational issues: Technology, climate, and food. Global climate and energy policy after the COVID-19 pandemic: The tug-of-war between markets and politics / Johannes Urpelainen ; No food security, no world order / Jessica Fanzo ; Flat no longer: Technology in the post-COVID world / Christine Fox and Thayer Scott -- Part IV: The future of the global economy. Models for a post-COVID US foreign economic policy / Benn Steil ; Prospects for the United States' post-COVID-19 policies: Strengthening the G20 leaders process / John Lipsky -- Part V: Global politics and governance. When the world stumbled: COVID-19 and the failure of the international system / Anne Applebaum ; Public governance and global politics after COVID-19 / Henry Farrell and Hahrie Han ; Take it off-site: World order and international institutions after COVID-19 / Janice Gross Stein ; A "good enough" world order: A gardener's manual / James B. Steinberg -- Part VI: Grand strategy and American statecraft. Maybe it won't be so bad: A modestly optimistic take on COVID and world order / Hal Brands, Peter Feaver, and William Inboden ; COVID-19's impact on great-power competition / Thomas Wright ; Building a more globalized order / Kori Schake ; Could the pandemic reshape world order, American security, and national defense? / Kathleen H. Hicks -- Part VII: Sino-American rivalry. The United States, China, and the great values game / Elizabeth Economy ; The US-China relationship after Coronavirus: Clues from history / Graham Allison ; Building a new technological relationship and rivalry: US-China relations in the aftermath of COVID / Eric Schmidt ; From COVID war to cold war: The new three-body problem / Niall Ferguson -- Index. "The COVID-19 pandemic has hit at a time when the future and legitimacy of the institutions, principles, and practices of the international system are already under grave stress. This moment of crisis and uncertainty demands an act of imagination and provides an opportunity to boldly reimagine our future. The contributors to this interdisciplinary edited collection ponder what the consequences of the pandemic will be for the future world order and what steps we can take to secure more peace and prosperity for the nation and the world"--
Date Published:2020

In collaboration with and appreciation of the book's coeditors, Professors Hal Brands and Francis J. Gavin of the Henry A. Kissinger Center for Global Affairs at Johns Hopkins SAIS, Johns Hopkins University Press is pleased to donate funds to the Maryland Food Bank, in support of the university's food distribution efforts in East Baltimore during this period of food insecurity because of COVID-19 pandemic hardships. The Open Access edition of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Foreword / Ronald J. Daniels -- COVID-19 and world order / Hal Brands and Francis J. Gavin -- Part I: Applied history and future scenarios. Ends of epidemics / Jeremy A. Greene and Dora Vargha ; The world after COVID: A perspective from history / Margaret MacMillan ; Future scenarios: "We are all failed states, now" / Philip Bobbitt -- Part II: Global public health and mitigation strategies. Make pandemics lose their power / Tom Inglesby ; Origins of the COVID-19 pandemic and the path forward: A global public health policy perspective / Lainie Rutkow ; Bioethics in a post-COVID world: Time for future-facing global health ethics / Jeffrey P. Kahn, Anna C. Mastroianni, and Sridhar Venkatapuram -- Part III: Transnational issues: Technology, climate, and food. Global climate and energy policy after the COVID-19 pandemic: The tug-of-war between markets and politics / Johannes Urpelainen ; No food security, no world order / Jessica Fanzo ; Flat no longer: Technology in the post-COVID world / Christine Fox and Thayer Scott -- Part IV: The future of the global economy. Models for a post-COVID US foreign economic policy / Benn Steil ; Prospects for the United States' post-COVID-19 policies: Strengthening the G20 leaders process / John Lipsky -- Part V: Global politics and governance. When the world stumbled: COVID-19 and the failure of the international system / Anne Applebaum ; Public governance and global politics after COVID-19 / Henry Farrell and Hahrie Han ; Take it off-site: World order and international institutions after COVID-19 / Janice Gross Stein ; A "good enough" world order: A gardener's manual / James B. Steinberg -- Part VI: Grand strategy and American statecraft. Maybe it won't be so bad: A modestly optimistic take on COVID and world order / Hal Brands, Peter Feaver, and William Inboden ; COVID-19's impact on great-power competition / Thomas Wright ; Building a more globalized order / Kori Schake ; Could the pandemic reshape world order, American security, and national defense? / Kathleen H. Hicks -- Part VII: Sino-American rivalry. The United States, China, and the great values game / Elizabeth Economy ; The US-China relationship after Coronavirus: Clues from history / Graham Allison ; Building a new technological relationship and rivalry: US-China relations in the aftermath of COVID / Eric Schmidt ; From COVID war to cold war: The new three-body problem / Niall Ferguson -- Index. "The COVID-19 pandemic has hit at a time when the future and legitimacy of the institutions, principles, and practices of the international system are already under grave stress. This moment of crisis and uncertainty demands an act of imagination and provides an opportunity to boldly reimagine our future. The contributors to this interdisciplinary edited collection ponder what the consequences of the pandemic will be for the future world order and what steps we can take to secure more peace and prosperity for the nation and the world"--

Date Published:2020